Salah
satu topik yang bisa Anda pelajari dalam TOEFL yaitu Structure and Written
Expression. Structure and Written Expression merupakan salah satu dari tiga
section (sesi) yang diujikan dalam TOEFL Test (tes TOEFL) berbentuk PBT
(Paper-Based Test). TOEFL Test saat ini mengakomodasi dua jenis tes: iBT
(internet-Based Test) dan PBT. Seperti soal-soal section lainnya (Listening dan
Reading), soal dari Structure and Written Expression berbentuk multiple choice
(pilihan ganda). Structure and Written Expression section menguji kemampuan
Anda dalam mengenal kalimat-kalimat bahasa Inggris secara benar berdasarkan
standar grammar yang formal. Anda mesti melengkapi kalimat dan menemukan error
(kesalahan) dalam kalimat. Umumnya Structure and Written Expression
section terdiri dari 40 soal. Anda mempunyai 25 menit untuk menjawab ke 40 soal
dalam sesi ini.
Dalam
Structure and Written Expression section terdapat dua bentuk pertanyaan.
Pertama yaitu structure yang terdiri dari 15 butir soal (1-15). Lihat contoh di
bawah.
1.
Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes _______ they both emit hot
liquids from below the Earth's surface.
(A)
due to
(B)
because
(C)
in spite of
(D)
regardless of
Kalimat
ini seharusnya, "Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because
they both emit hot liquids from below the Earth's surface." Olehnya Anda
harus memilih jawaban B.
2.
During the early period of ocean navigation, ________ any need for
sophisticated instruments and techniques.
(A)
so that hardly
(B)
where there hardly was
(C)
hardly was
(D)
there was hardly
Kalimat
ini seharusnya, "During the early period of ocean navigation, there was
hardly any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques." Olehnya
Anda harus memilih jawaban D.
Dalam
kesempatan kali ini saya akan membahas skill 5 yaitu tentang “Be Careful of
Past Participle”
Skill 5: Be Careful of Past Participle (Perhatikan penggunaan
dan posisi Past Participle)
Penggunaan dan posisi Past Participle mirip
dengan present participle yang telah di bahas kemarin. Bedanya Past
Participle berbentuk passive voice (di ...).
Past participle yaitu Verb III: purchased,
written, taught,dll. Bentuk present participle dapat
menjadi pengecoh dalam soal tes Structure TOEFL. Past
participle bisa saja menjadi adjective (kata sifat)
yang umunya menjelaskan subjek layaknya appositive atau
menjadi bagian dari kata keja (verb) ketika di dahului oleh be
(am, is, are, was, were) dan have (have, has, had)
- The family has purchased a television.
- The poem was written by Paul.
Pada kalimat pertama bentuk past participle
'purchased' merupakan bagian dari kata kerja karena di dahului
oleh have (has). Sementara no. 2 past participle
'written' juga merupakan bagian dari kata kerja karena di dahului
oleh be (was).
- The television purchased yesterday was expensive.
- The poem written by Paul appeared in the magazine.
Kedua bentuk past participle di atas (purchased dan written)
tidak diikuti oleh be atau pun have maka ke
duanya merupakan bentuk adjective yang menjelaskan
masing-masing subjek dari kalimat (television dan poem).
Contoh kalimat di bawah ini menggambarkan bagaimana past
participle dapat menjadi pengecoh dalamtest Structure
TOEFL.
Contoh soal TOEFL terkiat Past Participle
The packages _____ mailed at the post office will arrive
Monday.
a) have
b) were
c) them
d) just
Jika di lihat sekilas atau hanya awal kalimatnya saja
bisa-bisa kita terkecoh dengan menganggap mailed itu
sebagai verb dari kalimat padahal kalau kita lihat kalimatnya
selengkapnya maka kita lihat ada verb di sana yaitu will
arrive. Jadi dapat kita ketahui bahwa mailed itu bukanlah
bagian dari verb melainkan sebagai adjective.
Olehnya jawaban a) havedan d) were tidak
dibutuhkan oleh mailed -yang berfungsi sebagai adjective. Jawaban c) them
(objek tidaklah dibutuhkan. Jadi jawaban paling tepat yaitu d) just
(adverb).
Tips Sukses
Menjawab soal TOEFL Structure & Written Expression (Skill 5) tentang past
participle yang mesti Anda ingat sebagai berikut.
PAST PARTICIPLES
Past Participle sering berakhiran -ed, tapi perlu diketahui
bahwa banyak bentuk past participle yang irregular (tidak beraturan).
Banyak kat kerja termasuk yang berkhiran -ed dapat meembingungkan apakah
verb itu simple past atau past participle. Kata kerja berakhiran -ed bisa saja
merupakan simple past (contoh nomor 1), past participle (contoh nomor 2), dan
adjective (contoh ke tiga)
1. She painted this picture.
2. She has painted this picture.
3. The picture painted by Karen is now in a museum
EXERCISE 5: Each of the following sentences contains one or more past
participles. Underline the subjects once and the verbs twice. Circle the past
participles and label them as adjectives or verbs. Then indicate if the
sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
________ 1. The money was offered by
the client was not accepted.
_______ 2. The car listed in
the advertisement had already stalled.
________ 3. The chapters were taught by
the professor this morning will be on next week’s exam.
________ 4. The loaves of bread were
baked in a brick oven at a low temperature for many hours.
________ 5. The ports were reached by the
sailors were under the control of a foreign nation.
________ 6. Those suspected in the string of
robberies were arrested by police.
________ 7.The pizza is served in this
restaurant is the tastiest in the country.
________ 8. The courses are listed on the
second page of the brochure have several prerequisites.
________ 9. All the tenants were invited to
the Independence Day barbecue at the apartment complex.
________ 10. Any bills paid by the first
of the month will be credited to your account by the next day.
Ket:
Yang diblok merupakan subjek.
Yang diblok dan digaris bawahi merupakan verb (kata
kerja).
Yang dimiringkan merupakan
(seharusnya) past participle.
Kunci Jawaban
Exercise 5
Pada kalimat 2, 4, 6, 9, dan 10 merupakan bentuk kalimat yang
benar (sudah terdapat subjek dan verb) beserta penggunaan
past participle telah benar.
Pada kalimat 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 merupkan bentuk kalimat salah
karena mempunyai double verb. Seharusnya
____I____ 1. The money was offered by
the client was not accepted.
____C____ 2. The car listed in
the advertisement had already stalled.
____I____ 3. The chapters were taught by
the professor this morning will be on next week’s
exam.
____C____ 4. The loaves of bread were
baked in a brick oven at a low temperature for many
hours.
The ports were reached by
the sailors were under the control of a foreign
nation.
____C____ 6. Those suspected in
the string of robberies were arrested by police.
____I____ 7. The pizza is served in
this restaurant is the tastiest in the country.
____I____ 8. The courses are listed on
the second page of the brochure have several
prerequisites.
____C____ 9. All the tenants were invited
to the Independence Day barbecue at the apartment complex.
____C____ 10. Any bills paid by
the first of the month will be credited to your account
by the next day.
Sumber
:
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